Lathe



4 Sheets-Sheet; 1. W. L. COOP.

LATHE.

(NoModeL) ,721. Patented May 10, 1887.

WZTNEEEEE.

JNVENTUE:

N. PETERS, Pholwulbographen wmmgm. no.

4 sheetssheet 2. W. L. COOP.

LATHE.

(No Model.)

,721. Patented May 10. 1887.

WZZ'NEEEEEI N. FUSES. mlo-ulho n w. Washington. at.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

W. L. COOP. LATHE.

No. 362,721. Patented May 10, 1887.

ZNVENTUEI 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. W. L. COOP.

LATHE.

(No Model.)

,721. Patented May 10, 1887.

UNITE STATES FIFKCE \VILLIAM L. COOP, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

LATHE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 362,721, dated May 10,1887.

(No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ILLIAM L. 0001?, of the city and county ofProvidence,and State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Foot-Lathes; and Iherehy declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

Foot-lathes for light work and use of amateur mechanics have heretoforebeen constructed in the same manner as power-lathes, and were thereforecumbersome and costly. The various changes to adapt them for differentarticles to be turned required considerable time and labor, and theiruse considerable power, or they were constructed cheaply, 011 theprinciple of the common wood turning lathe, and were not practical forturning out good and accurate work.

The object of this invention is to so construct a foot-lathe that thebest quality of work can be done on the same, that the sliderest andtail-stock can be quickly adjusted to the various kinds of work, and thewhole furnished at a price within the reach of amateurs.

The invention has reference to the improved construction of the parts ofa foot-lathe, on which the accuracy of the work and the ready adaptationof the lathe to the various kinds of work depends; and it consists inthe peculiar and novel construction of the headstock, the manner ofsecuring and adjusting the spindle, the peculiar and novel constructionof the slide-rest and tail'stock, by which the same may be readily movedfrom place to place and quickly secured to firmly resist all the strainon the cutter, and other improvements, more fully set forth hereinafter.

Figure 1 is a front view of my improved footlathe, showing the relativeposit-ions of the various parts. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view ofthe lathe on a line through the head-stock, showing the foot-treadle andthe strap-connection with the spindle. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectionof the head-stock with the connected bed-rail broken away and showingthe construction of the bearings of the spindle and the spring connectedwith the sleeve, which is connected with the fiy-wheel by means of thecamclutch, shown in Fig. 4. in cross-section. Fig. 5 is a side view ofthe slide-rest, showing the manner of connecting the same to the feedscrew rod, the bed-rail and guide-bar being shown in section. Fig. (5 isa front View of the slide-rest, partly in section, together with portions of the guide-bar and feed-rod. Fig. 7 is a View of thescrew-clamp, showing the cam for operating the same. Fig. 8 is a sideview, partlyin section, of the tailstock, the guidebar being shown inportion. Fig. 9 is an end View, partly in section, of the tail-stock,show ing the cam device for securing the same, the bed-rail andguide-bar being shown in crossscction. Fig. 10 is a side view of thetreadle with the adjustable strap clamp mounted thereon. Fig. 11 is aplan view ofthe treadle, showing the cross-braced support of thefootboard and the side bar secured to the treadie, with the clamp grooveor way of said bar, shown in broken lines, and the strap-clamp workingon said side bar. Fig. 12 is a view of the clamp by means of which thestrap is connected with the treadle, the side bar having theclamp-groove therein being shown in crosssection. Fig. 13 is a side viewof a jig or frame in which the rear bar and the spindle are temporarilysupported in their true axial position and secured by casting Babbittmetal or other suitable composition around the same while being adjustedand secured in position. Fig. 1a is an end view of the adj ustingjig orframe. Fig. 15 is a view of thehead-stock and lathe-bed, showing amandrel inserted temporarilyinto the headstock and into the tailstock,so as to place the centers on a true line and fit the tail-stock bycasting Babbitt or other metal into the bearing. Fig. 16 is an end viewof the tail-stock,shown partly insection, and a sectional view of thelathe-bed.

In the drawings, A A are the two standards on which the lathe-bed issecured. Thislathebed consists of the bed-rail B, of nearly L- shapedsection, cast in one piece with the headstock B. It further consists inthe round guide-bar B, made preferably of cold-rolled bar-iron or steel.This bar is secured permanently at each end and forms the rear bearingof the tail-stock and the bed of the slide-rest, as also the guide onwhich the same may be moved from one point to the other, and secured soas to be always in the true axial line of the spindle.

O is the tail-stock, and D the slide rest, both of which are mounted andare adapted to slide back and forth on the lathe-bed B B Power isapplied to the lathe through the foot-treadle E. (Shown enlarged inFigs. and 11.) This treadle differs in its construction from theordinary rectangular construction in that the treadle-board'e issupported by two diagonal braces, e e, crossing each other at e", andthere firmly secured together, with a distance-block placed between thetwo braces e 6. By this construction a rigid treadle is secured. Thetreadle-board, being firmly braced, is not liable to spring or yieldwhen the pressure is exerted at either end of the same. On one side ofthe treadle the side bar, a is secured, the under side of which isprovided with the clamp way or groove e*. (Indicated in Fig. 11 1nbrokenlines.) To this bar a the drive-strap F may be secured at anydesired place, so that the speedand power may be regulated, for thefarther from the pivotal point of the treadle the strap is secured thegreater will be the distance through which the end of the strap willpass at each oscillation of the treadle and the greater the speed, whilethe nearer the strap is brought to the pivotal point of the treadle 1the shorter will be the reciprocation and the greater the leverageexerted. The strap is secured in the loop of the strap clamp-piece 0which clamp-piece is provided with/a hooklike projection, which entersthe groove (2* in the bar e and allows the clamp-piece to slide in andout on the bar. To secure the same at any desired place, the cam-lever 6is secured by a pin to the clamping-face of the clamppiece e Thiscam-lever is provided with two spiral cam-surfaces, which bear againstslightly-raised projections on the clamp-face of the clamp-piece 6 sothat a partial rotation exerts considerable pressure and secures theclamp-piece e 'firmly to the bar 6 in any de-' sired position, andallows'the place at which the strap F is connected with the treadle E tobe quickly changed, as is clearly shown in Fig. 12. To prevent thejarand noise of the treadle striking the floor, one or more elasticbuttons, e are placed on the under side of the treadle, as is shown inFig. 10.

The strap F is secured to and winds on the small pulleyf, which formspart of and turns with the large pulley f, journaled on a studprojectingfrom the standard A, below the lathe-bed. The strap F issecured to and winds on the larger pulley, f, the other end beingsecured to and winds on the sleeve f surrounding the spindle G. Thissleeve f is loose on the spindle, and is provided at one end with thehelical spring f one end of which is secured to the sleeve f and theother end to the head-stock. On the other end of the sleeve thecam-clutch H (shown in Fig. 4) is secured, as shown, by a set-screw, therollers h of the cam-clutch H engaging with the inner side of a rim, k,formed on the balancewheel f*,which is secured to and revolves with thespindle G. The lathe-spindle G is therefore turned in the manner of theold jig-motionthat is to say, the spring f turns the sleeve f by itstension, and winds the strap F on the same, thereby unwinding the samestrap from the large pulley f and winding the strap F on the smallpulleyf, so that in the normal condition the treadleis raised. When nowthe treadle is depressed, the pulleys f and f are turned in the oppositedirection, the strap F turns the sleevef the clutch H engages with thebalance-wheel and turns the spindle, thereby also winding the helicalspringf on the sleeve f and when the downward motion of the treadle iscompleted the helical spring will again turn the sleeve, the clutch willrelease the balance-wheel, and the spindle will continue to revolve,carried by the momentum of the balance-wheel.

The spindle is supported in bearings in the head-stock B. To secure theaccurate ad j ustment of the spindle with reference to the bed of thelathe, the step-bearing block of hard metal, is fitted to thespindle,and is secured by casting Babbitt or other composition metalaround the same, while the bolster or forward bearing of the spindle ismade of Babbitt or similar metal cast around the spindle, the spindlebeing securely held for the time being by the jig 9, (shown in Figs. 13and 14,) at the same time that the rear bar, B is also held temporarilyby the jig, and the Babbitt or other composition metal is cast aroundthe step-bearing block 9, the bolster-bearings g, and into the two endbearings of the bar B", thus securing the spindle and the bar B", whichforms the guide for the slide-rest and tail-stock, accurately with theiraxial lines parallel to each other. adjusting-jig g is only usedtemporarily for adjusting the said parts with their axes parallel, inorder to true the machine, and that after the Babbitt or soft metal iscast in the bearings the jig is removed. This slide-rest differs fromall otherslide-rests heretofore constructed, primarily, in that it isguided and held by the bar B while the carriage rests on the frontbed-rail, which takes up all the strain caused by the resistance to thecutter, and thereby holds the slide-rest firmly on the bed rail B, whenin operation, without straining the bar B The tool-carriage d, as isshown in Fig. 5, rests on the bed-rail B, the guide-bar B passingthrough the rear portion of the same. This rear portion is split, so asto allow for a limited adjustment for wear. To the carriage d theslide-bed d is secured by the central bolt, (1 the head of which worksin a transverse slot, d formed in the bed (1, and by virtue of a thisconstruction a combined swivel and sliding joint is formed between thetool-carriage and theslide-bed, so that the bed may be rotated,and alsomay be slid on said carriage in an obvious manner. The front of the bedis provided with a V-shaped'groove and the rear with the fixed bar d andthe slide (2* is secured by inclosing the bar 11 which forms the guideon which the slide 01* moves,and resting on the IOC It is observed thatthe front of the bed d", preferably in the V-shaped groove. Thetool-post d is secured to the slide in the usual manner. The slide isoperated by the fixed worm-screw d, turning in a nut in the slide in theusual manner. To quickly connect and disconnect the bed (1, and allowthe same to be freely adjusted on the carriage, the bolt (1 is providedwith the cam-lever d interposed between the end of the sleeve dextending down from the carriage and surrounding the bolt (2 and the nut(1", so that a partial rotation of the cam d by thelever will clamp thebed (1 to the carriage (Z, or release the same.

To secure the toolcarriage (Z, and with the same the whole slide-rest D,to the feedscrew I, operated at the tail end of the lathe by the crankl, the peculiar clamp shown in Fig. 7 is used. The same consists of twolevers, t and '2 pivotally connected with the carriage of the slide-restD, the two ends of which are construeted with screw-threads to grasp thefeedscrew I, the two opposite ends having the cam t placed between them,constructed so that a partial rotation of the cam i will separate theends and close the opposite ends around the feed-screw I, therebyconnecting the slide-rest with the feed-screw. The coiled spring '6 isplaced between the levers, so that the same will open and release thescrew I when the cam i" is turned in the opposite direction.

The tail-stock 0, like the slide-rest, rests on the bed-rail B and thebe r B and is secured by means of the elamp-lever 0, provided with abosson which two inclined planes are formed, which bears against projectionson the clampingplate c, which is connected to the body of stock 0 bymeans of bolts,and takes up against the under faces of the guide-bar andthe bedrail, so that by a partial revolution of the cam the clamp-platemay firmly secure the tailstoek to the lathe-bed, as is clearly shown inFigs. 8 and 9.

The dead-spindle is formed by securing in the threaded sleeve 2 thecenter a, and operating the same by means of the feed-screw bar 0, whichis held against longitudinal displace mentby the pins c c passingthroughagroove made in the end of the screw 0 so that by turning the crank onthe screw 0 the center can be moved longitudinally along its axis.

As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the tail-stock O is formed with averticalslit, m, upon the top and near one end of said stock. The slit m extendsfrom the outside of the top of the tailstock into the socket in whichthe sleeve 0 slides, and from each side of the slit m and to the outsideof the stock extends an car, a, each provided with a transverse screwthreaded eye,which eyes lie in opposite alignment, and thescrew-threaded bolt of the thumb-screw 0 passes through the eyes of thecars a. By virtue of this construction the thumb-screw 0 may be turnedthe one way or the other, in order to move the cars it toward or awayfrom each other, and so to bind or release the sliding sleeve 0' in thesocket of the tail-stock, as desired.

To adjust the axial center 0 of the tail-stock on a line with the axialcenter of the spindle G and the guide-bar E the mandrel K is placed inthe head-stock B, and the tail-stock is secured on the mandrel, as isshown in Fig. 1-5, and fluid Babbitt or other composition metal ispoured into a cavity formed at c in the'tail-stock, so as to form abearing on the bar 13", as is shown in Figs. 9 and 16. By thisarrangement the whole lathe is lined up accurately, and all parts aresecured in their proper place by the soft cast metal without the greatexpense formerly incurred in fitting all these parts to a true line,thus securing accuracy at the least possible expense.

This lathe is adapted for all kinds of light work, which can be producedwith as much nicety as work performed 011 the costly machines heretoforein use, while the cost of the lathe is materially reduced.

Having thus described my invention, Ielaim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. The combination, with a guide-bar and a bed-rail,of a tool-carriage sliding on said bar and rail, a slide-bed adapted toslide andturn on said carriage, and a slide mounted and sliding on saidbed and provided with a tool-post, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a fixed guide-bar and bed rail, of atool-carriagejournaled and traveling on said bar and adapted to rest andslide on said rail and provided with means, substantially as described,for sliding said carriage to and fro, a slide-bed having a combinedswivel and sliding joint connecting it with said carriage, substantiallyas described, and provided with means for holding and releasing the bcd,a slide mounted on said bed and sliding thereon and provided with meansfor sliding the same, and a tool-post disposed upon said slide over theshear of the lathe, substantially as described, whereby theworkingstress on the tool-post may be received in the main by thesnbjaeent bed rail, as herein set forth.

3. The combi nation of a fixed guide-rod and a rigid bed rail paralleltherewith, a feedscrew, and the slide-rest, constructed substantially asdescribed, and provided with a pair of pivoted levers having aninterposed camlever at one end thereof, the other ends of said leversengaging the feed-scrcw, substantially as described, whereby the turningof the feedserew may move the slide-rest back and forth.

4. The combination of the headstock and. bed-rail formed together, aspindle mounted in said head-stock and means for driving the same, aguide-bar set parallel to said rail, and a slide-rest working on saidbar and rail, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the tail stock provided with a socket andformed with a slit opening into the socket, said slit having ears fixedto each side thereof, and a thumb IIO ' screw engaging both of said earsfor relatively moving the ears, as described, of a tubular sleevesliding in the socket and provided at one end with an internalscrew-thread and at the other end with a conical or tapering bore, aspindlecenter mounted in said bore, anda feedscrew bar fixed againstlongitudinal movement and placed within said socket and 'working in theinternal screwthread of said sleeve, substantially as described, wherebythe turning of the screw-bar may feed the spindlecenter in and out, asset forth.

6. The combination, with the foot-treadle, of a side bar mounted thereonand provided with a clamp groove or way, and a strap-clamp adapted torest on said side bar and to work in the groove thereon, substantiallyas described, whereby the strap-clamp may be adjusted along the side barto vary the speed of the lathe, as set forth.

7. The combination, with the head-stock provided with spindle-bearings,of the spindle mounted loosely in said bearings, as described, a loosesleeve surrounding a part of said spindle, a coil-spring connected withsaid sleeve and said headstock, a lily-wheel keyed on the spindle, acam-clutch secured upon saidsleeveandengagingthefly-wheel,andadrivingstrap connected to and windingon said spindle, all substantially as and for the purpose hereindescribed.

8. The combination of the lathei'rame, the tail-stock and slide-restsliding on the bed of said frame, the head-stock, substantially asdescribed, mounted on said frame, a loose pulley provided with a smallpulley, the foottreadle, as described, hinged on said frame, adrive'strap connected with the spindle of the head-stock and with therim ofsaid pulley, and another drive-strap connected with the smallpulley and connected adjustably with said foot-treadle, all constructedand operated substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

9. The combination, with the lathe-bed, consisting of the bed-rail B"and the guidebar B, of the slide-rest D, constructed substantially asdescribed and sliding on said bed, the feed-screw-rod I, and the leversi i, provided with the cam-levers 2", said levers intermediate of theslide-rest and the feed-screw, substantially as set forth.

10. The slide-rest D, comprising the combination of the tool-carriagecl, adapted to travel on the lathe bed B B, the slidebed d,

provided with the slot d, and having the bolt d connecting the bed withthe carriage, the guide-rod d fixed on'said bed, the slide d sliding onsaid guiderod and bed, the feed-screw d for said slide, and thetool-post mounted on the slide, substantially as herein described.

11. The combination of the fixed guide-bar B the bed-railB,and thehead-stock B,formed together, and the said stock provided with aspindle, and the tail-stock G sliding on the said bar and rail,substantially as described.

.12. The combination of the guide-bar B fixed in the lathe-frame andprovided with the Babbitt or soft-metal castings, the bed-rail B, placedparallel with said bar and provided with the head-stock B, the spindleG, mounted in said head-stock and provided with the stepbearing 9 andthe Babbitt castings, and the tail-stock O, sliding on said bar and railand provided with a Babbitt casting, substantially as and forthe purposeherein described.

13. The combination, with the tail-stock 0, having a socketformedtherein, said socket provided with the slit m, the ears n, fixedat each side of the slit, and the thumb-screw o, engaging both ears, ofthe sleeve 0, workingin said socket and provided at the inner end Withan internal screw-thread and at the other end with a conical-bore, thespindlecenter 0 set in said bore, and the feed-screw bar 0. projectingin said socket and working in the internal screw-thread of sleeve 0, andprovided with the piusc, forholding said bar againstlongitudinalmovement, substantially as herein described.

14 The combination, with the tail-stock O and the guide-bar B andbed-rail B, of the clamp-plate 0, having bolts, connectingit with saidstock, the clamp-plate engaging the under faces of the bar and rail andprovided with the cam-lever 0 for clamping and unclamping said plate,substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

15. The head-stock comprising the stock B,

provided with the single bearings, the spindle G, mounted in saidbearings, the loose sleeve WVILLIAM L. COOP.

Witnesses:

M. F. BLIGH, J. A. MILLER, Jr.

